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HOW WE DETERMINE SCORES Learn more About EWG VERIFIED®

Data: Fair

Sodium Levulinate

IMAGE SOURCE: PubChem

SEARCH PRODUCTS

Other Concerns

Non-reproductive organ system toxicity (low) and Irritation (skin, eyes, or lungs) (low)

SYNONYMS

● AI3-04041
● A805146
● Q27291863
● PENTANOIC ACID, 4-OXO-,SODIUM SALT (1:1)
● DTXSID60173608
● CTK4E2556
● SODIUM 4-OXIDANYLIDENEPENTANOATE
● SCHEMBL406977
● LEVULINIC ACID SODIUM SALT
● AKOS015907072

Restricted

Restricted: EWG VERIFIED products cannot contain this ingredient without adequate substantiation

Sodium Levulinate is a sodium salt of Levulinic Acid (q.v.).

Common concerns

See how this product scores for common concerns.

  • LOW
    Cancer
  • LOW
    Allergies & Immunotoxicity
  • LOW
    Developmental and Reproductive Toxicity
  • LOW
    Use Restrictions

Ingredient concerns

  • CONCERNS
  • DATA SOURCES

Products with this Ingredient

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body wash/cleanser31 products
shampoo64 products
facial moisturizer/treatment164 products
skin fading/lightener3 products
facial cleanser84 products
oil controller3 products
concealer40 products
baby lotion13 products
moisturizer108 products
hand cream53 products
after sun product2 products
makeup remover27 products
around-eye cream29 products
exfoliant/scrub22 products
mask69 products
serums & essences59 products
bronzer/highlighter28 products
facial powder7 products
antiperspirant/deodorant6 products
blush21 products
conditioner36 products
bubble bath9 products
mascara15 products
toners/astringents31 products
liquid hand soap12 products
baby bubble bath12 products
baby shampoo12 products
baby soap13 products
foundation56 products
baby wipes6 products
body firming lotion14 products
anti-aging17 products
makeup primer7 products
diaper cream3 products
body spray10 products
sunless tanning2 products
hair treatment/serum8 products
Oils & Serums3 products
hair styling aid4 products
eye makeup remover1 products
detangler1 products
Facial Cleansing Water1 products
daily use with SPF2 products
recreational sunscreen2 products
shaving cream2 products
Exfoliants1 products
foot moisturizer2 products
antiperspirant/deodorant (men's)1 products
other eye makeup1 products
eye shadow11 products
foot cleansing1 products
hair color and bleaching1 products
cuticle treatment1 products
styling mousse/foam1 products

Organ system toxicity (non-reproductive)

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CONCERN REFERENCE
Classified as not expected to be potentially toxic or harmfulEnvironment Canada
Classified as toxic or harmful.European Chemicals Agency (ECHA)

Persistence and bioaccumulation

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CONCERN REFERENCE
Not suspected to be persistentEnvironment Canada
Not suspected to be bioaccumulativeEnvironment Canada

Ecotoxicology

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CONCERN REFERENCE
Not suspected to be an environmental toxinEnvironment Canada

Data gaps

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CONCERN REFERENCE
Safety assessment was based on related chemicalCosmetic Ingredient Review (CIR)

Irritation (skin, eyes, or lungs)

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CONCERN REFERENCE
One or more animal studies show irritation at moderate dosesCosmetic Ingredient Review (CIR)
Limited evidence of eye irritationCosmetic Ingredient Review (CIR)
Limited evidence of irritationEuropean Chemicals Agency (ECHA)
One or more animal studies show irritation at moderate dosesPeer Reviewed Literature

Allergies/immunotoxicity

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CONCERN REFERENCE
One or more animal studies show or allergenic effects at high dosesCosmetic Ingredient Review (CIR)
Associated with immunotoxicity or allergiesCosmetic Ingredient Review (CIR)
Limited evidence of eyes toxicity or allergiesEuropean Chemicals Agency (ECHA)

Enhanced skin absorption

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CONCERN REFERENCE
Penetration enhancerCosmetic Ingredient Review (CIR)

Developmental/reproductive toxicity

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CONCERN REFERENCE
One or more animal studies show effects at high dosesPeer Reviewed Literature
  • Environment Canada
  • European Chemicals Agency (ECHA)
  • Cosmetic Ingredient Review (CIR)
  • Peer Reviewed Literature

Understanding scores

Cosmetics and personal care products are not required to be tested for safety before being allowed on the market. The Skin Deep® scoring system was designed to help the public understand whether a product is safe to use or whether it contains ingredients of concern.

Every product and ingredient in Skin Deep gets a two-part score – one for hazard and one for data availability. The safest products score well by both measures, with a low hazard rating and a fair or better data availability rating.


HOW WE DETERMINE SCORES

Hazard score

The Skin Deep ingredient hazard score, from 1 to 10, reflects known and suspected hazards linked to the ingredients. The EWG Verified® mark means a product meets EWG’s strictest criteria for transparency and health.

Score legend
WEIGHT-OF-EVIDENCE APPROACH

A product’s hazard score is not an average of the ingredients’ hazard scores. It is calculated using a weight-of-evidence approach that factors in all of the hazards or health impacts associated with the ingredients.

Data availability

The Skin Deep data availability rating reflects the number of scientific studies about the product or ingredient in the published scientific literature.

NONE LIMITED FAIR GOOD ROBUST
Low Availability
Moderate Availability
High Availability
NONE

Ingredients have not been assessed.

LIMITED-FAIR

There is only a modest volume of research.

GOOD-ROBUST

Ingredients have been studied extensively.

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